![]() They are typically ordered if someone is having worsening symptoms of a respiratory problem, such as difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, and a condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is suspected. Strenuous exercise may increase bilirubin levels.īlood Gas (ABG) – Blood gas measurements are used to evaluate lung function and acid/base balance. African Americans routinely show lower bilirubin concentrations than non-African Americans. Bilirubin concentrations tend to be slightly higher in males than in females. It may be used to help determine the cause of jaundice and/or help diagnose conditions such as liver disease, hemolytic anemia, and blockage of the bile ducts. It may also be released from red blood cells if those cells are damaged when blood is being drawn.īilirubin Total – A bilirubin test is used to detect an increased level in the blood. Increased blood levels occur with heart, liver, and muscle damage. Elevations in alkaline phosphatase can indicate liver or bone disease.Īspartate transaminase (AST) – AST is an enzyme concentrated mainly in the heart and liver. Significant elevations suggest liver disease.Īlkaline Phosphatase – Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme located primarily in the body’s liver and bone cells. Dehydration can cause increased albumin levels.Īlanine transaminase (ALT) – ALT is an enzyme concentrated mainly in the liver. Low levels occur in malnutrition and in some chronic diseases. A low ratio is found in some types of liver and kidney diseases, infections, and inflammations.Īlbumin – Albumin is the major protein found in blood and is a good reflection of one’s nutritional status. Hepatic Function Panel (LIVER PNL)Ī/G Ratio – The albumin/globulin ratio is the albumin (A) laboratory value divided by the globulin (G) value. Still, if you have any of these problems, it's important to see a doctor right away so the cause can be found and treated, if needed. These symptoms and signs may be caused by CLL, but they can also be caused by other conditions. Rarely, the antibodies attack white blood cells, leading to leukopenia (low white blood cell counts). Less often, the antibodies attack platelets and the cells that make them, leading to low platelet counts. If the antibodies attack red blood cells, it's called autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ![]() In some people with CLL, the immune system cells make abnormal antibodies that attack normal blood cells. Infections may range from simple things like frequent colds or cold sores to pneumonia and other serious infections.ĬLL can also affect the immune system in other ways. Because of the CLL, these antibody-making cells don't work as they should, so they can't fight infections. CLL is a cancer of B lymphocytes, which normally make antibodies that help fight infection. This is mainly because their immune systems aren't working as well as they should. People with CLL have a higher risk of infections. A shortage of blood platelets ( thrombocytopenia) can lead to excess bruising, bleeding, frequent or severe nosebleeds, and bleeding gums.People with CLL may have very high white blood cell counts because of excess numbers of lymphocytes ( lymphocytosis), but the leukemia cells don't fight infection the way normal white blood cells do. You might hear the term neutropenia, which refers to low levels of neutrophils (a type of granulocyte needed to fight bacterial infections). A shortage of normal white blood cells ( leukopenia) increases the risk of infections. ![]() It can cause tiredness, weakness, and shortness of breath.
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